Claude Monet

Claude Monet(14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926)was a founder of French impressionist painting. The term Impressionism is derived from the title of his painting Impression, Sunrise.
Claude Monet was born on 14 November 1840, and On the first of April 1851, Monet entered Le Havre secondary school of the arts.

In 1872, he painted Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) depicting a Le Havre landscape. It hung in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874 and is now displayed in the Musée Marmottan Monet in Paris

On 28 January 1857, his mother died. At the age of sixteen, he left school and went to live with his widowed childless aunt, Marie-Jeanne Lecadre.

Paul Gauguin

Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist artist, painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist and writer. He lived a life of extreme ups and downs. Paul Gauguin was born in Paris, France. In 1851, the family left Paris for Peru, motivated by the political climate of the period. Clovis died on the voyage.Gauguin had been interested in art since his childhood. In his free time, he began painting.As he progressed in his art, Gauguin rented a studio, and showed paintings in Impressionist exhibitions held in 1881 and 1882.

Gauguin's relationship with Van Gogh was rocky. Gauguin had shown an early interest in Impressionism, and the two shared bouts of depression and suicidal tendencies. In 1888, Gauguin and Van Gogh spent nine weeks together, painting in the latter's Yellow House in Arles. During this time, Gauguin became increasingly disillusioned with Impressionism, and the two quarreled.

He liked Tahiti, so he usually want to go to Tahiti. Living in Mataiea Village in Tahiti, he painted "Fatata te Miti", and then lived the rest of his life in the Marquesas Islands, returning to France only once, when he painted at Pont-Aven.

In 1903, due to a problem with the church and the government, he was sentenced to three months in prison and fined. At that time he was being supported by the art dealer Ambroise Vollard[4] He died of syphilis before he could start the prison sentence. His body had been weakened by alcohol and a dissipated life. He was 54 years old.

Nam June Paik

Nam June Paik (July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a Korean-born American artist. He worked with a variety of media and is considered to be the first video artist.

Born in Seoul during the Japanese occupation, Paik had four older brothers and a father who owned a major textile manufacturing firm. As he was growing up, he was trained as a classical pianist. In 1950, Paik and his family had to flee from their home in Korea, during the Korean War. His family first fled to Hong Kong, but later moved to Japan. Six years later he graduated from the University of Tokyo where he wrote a thesis on the composer Arnold Schoenberg.
Paik then moved to Germany to study the history of music at Munich University. While studying in Germany, Paik met the composers Karlheinz Stockhausen and John Cage and the conceptual artists Joseph Beuys and Wolf Vostell who inspired him to work in the field of electronic art.

In 1964, Paik moved to New York, and began working with classical cellist Charlotte Moorman, to combine his video, music, and performance. In the work TV Cello, the pair stacked televisions on top one another, so that they formed the shape of an actual cello.

In 1965, Sony introduced the Portapak. With this, Paik could both move and record things, for it was the first portable video and audio recorder. From there, Paik became an international celebrity, known for his creative and entertaining works.

Many of Paik's early works and writings are collected in a volume edited by Judson Rosebush titled Nam June Paik: Videa 'n' Videology 1959–1973, published by the Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York, in 1974.

In 1996, Nam June Paik had a stroke, which left him partially paralyzed.
This coincided with a downtown gallery showing of video artworks by his wife Shigeko Kubota, mainly dealing with his recovery from the stroke. Nam June Paik died January 29, 2006, in Miami, Florida, due to natural causes.

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Ruiz Picasso 's real name is Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Clito Ruiz y Picasso Ruiz Picasso.
He was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. He is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work.
When he drew the Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, The people surpursed. They are never saw like this painting. The girls are not pretty. This painting showed Cubism.

Cubism

Analytic cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed along with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colors. Both artists took apart objects and “analyzed” them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque’s paintings at this time have many similarities.

Classicism and surrealism

In the period of World War 1, Picasso produced work in a neoclassical style. This “return to order” is evident in the work of many European artists in the 1920s.

Picasso’s most famous work is his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War—Guernica. This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war. Asked to explain its symbolism.

In 1944 Picasso joined the French Communist Party, attended an international peace conference in Poland, and in 1950 received the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet government

Massacre in Korea is a 1951 expressionistic painting composed by Pablo Picasso which is seen as a criticism of American intervention in Korean conflict.

Picasso remains the top ranked artist (based on sales of his works at auctions) according to the Art Market Trends report. Picasso is the world's most stolen artist, the Art Loss Register has 550 of his works listed as missing.

Henri Matisse

Henri Matisse(31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, is known as a expressionism, in the 20th centery. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Although he was initially labelled a Fauve (wild beast). Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse was born in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, Nord, France, he grew up in Bohain-en-Vermandois, Picardie, France. When he lay in bed with appendicitis, He first started to paint in 1889. In 1891, he returned to Paris to study art at the Académie Julian and became a student of William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Gustave Moreau.

Russell introduced him to Impressionism and to the work of van Gogh.
Since than, Matisse's style changed completely, and he would later say "Russell was my teacher, and Russell explained colour theory to me."

Matisse was influenced by the works of the post-Impressionists Cézanne, Gauguin, van Gogh,Signac and Japanease art.

Fauvism

The paintings expressed emotion with wild, often dissonant colors, without regard for the subject's natural colors. Matisse showed Open Window and Woman with the Hat at the Salon.

Around 1904 he met Pablo Picasso,who was 12 years younger than Matisse.The two persons became life-long friends as well as rivals or often compared.

He established a museum dedicated to his work in 1952, in his birthplace city, and this museum is now the third-largest collection of Matisse works in France.

In 1954, Matisse died,because of heart attack at the age of 84. He is interred in the cemetery of the Monastère Notre Dame de Cimiez.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir 르누와르

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (February 25, 1841 – December 3, 1919) was a French artist who was painter in the development of the Impresstionist style.
he was born in France,the child of a working family.

Renoir's paintings are famous for vibrant light and saturated color.
The female nude was one of his primary subjects. In characteristic Impressionist style,Renoir suggested the detail of scene through freely brushed touches of color.

One of the best Impressionist works is Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette. The painting was draw an open-air scene, crowded with people, at a popular dance garden.

he was made of many paintings. The warm sensuality of Renoir's style made his paintings some of the most well-known in the history of art.

he married Aline Victorine Charigot, who, along with a number of the artist's friends. she had already served as a model for Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881.

The works of his middle age was typically Impressionist snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and light. however, he had broken with the movement to apply a more disciplined which was created during 1884–87.

However, after 1890,he changed direction again, returning to thinly brushed color like his earlier work

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Desipte of peaceful and richful his painting mood , he lived poor in his life.

Marc Chagall

Mar Chagall (July. 7. 1887~ March. 28.1985) was Russian-Franch artist. He was called one of the best of artist in 20 centery with Pisco. He who was Jewish is born to a poor family in the Russia.


Go though art school in the country, he graduated loyal art in Russia. In 1910, he moved to Paris to develop his own artistic style. He was influenced from the cubism and Picaso. and then, He used the color of Fauvism in one's own way, started to draw beautiful and neat pictures.

When the World War 1beganed, he came back his homeland, pass the time gloomy buring the 8 years . In 1922, through Berlin, came back to Paris. He turned to be naturalized as Franch citizen. His name was known all over the world widely , as he began to draw fantastic and mysterious painting which was used vivid color and mixed human and animal.

During the World War 2, He went to America to avoid the suppression of the Nazi. In 1947, came back the Mediterranean in France, he drew continuously the masterpiece which alive love and pleasure.

Also, he was talented etching, especially, he capable about copperplate from the Bible.
"When Matisse dies", Pablo Picasso remarked in the 1950s, "Chagall will be the only painter left who understands what colour really is